集装箱在使用周转过程中，或多或少会造成箱损，影响航线正常用箱。那么 济南集装箱非正常损坏的表现是怎样的呢？

During the use and turnover of containers, they will more or less cause damage to the containers and affect the normal use of containers on the route. So what is the performance of abnormal damage of Jinan container?

一、集装箱非正常损坏:

1、 Abnormal damage of container:

集装箱受到外力撞击、拖运时发生车祸、起吊是摔落、装拆箱不当或货物本身的原因造成F货箱箱体及冷藏箱箱体和机组残损，都属于非正常损坏。其中装拆箱不当或货物本身的原因造成箱损是常见的，要尽可能的降低残损程度，客户装箱是关键。

The damage to the F cargo box, the refrigerator box and the unit caused by the impact of external forces, the accident during the haulage, the falling of the lifting, the improper loading and unloading of the container or the damage of the cargo itself are all abnormal damages. The damage caused by improper packing and unpacking or the reason of the goods itself is common. The customer's packing is the key to minimize the damage.

1.目前不少货主有超重装箱现象，不利于操作。常见的箱损情况有地板断裂、集装箱底框架下沉变形，严重的在起吊时造成顶梁折断，对货物、设备及人员有极大的损害,因此,各港箱管代理应积极向客户做好宣传解释工作，在任何情况下，所装货物的重量不能超过集装箱的大载重量，集装箱的大载重量(PAYL0AD,NETWEGHT)标在集装箱箱门上，无箱门的特种箱标在后角柱或下底梁上。

1. At present, many shippers are overweight, which is not conducive to safe operation. Common cases of container damage include floor breakage, container bottom frame sinking and deformation, and serious cases of top beam breaking during lifting, which will cause great damage to goods, equipment and personnel. Therefore, container management agents at all ports should actively publicize and explain to customers. In any case, the weight of the loaded goods should not exceed the maximum load capacity of the container, and the maximum load capacity (PAYL0AD, NETWEGHT) of the container should be marked on the container door, The special box without box door is marked on the rear corner column or lower bottom beam.

2.装载时要使箱底的负荷均衡，不要使负荷偏在一端或一侧，特别是要严格禁止货物偏在一端的情况。要避免造成集中负荷，如装载机械设备等重货时，箱底应加木头等衬垫材料，尽量使负荷分散。

2. When loading, the load at the bottom of the box shall be balanced, and the load shall not be biased at one end or one side, especially when the center of gravity of the goods is biased at one end. To avoid causing concentrated load, such as loading heavy goods such as machinery and equipment, the bottom of the box should be padded with wood and other materials to disperse the load as much as possible.

3.用人力装货时尽量避免拖拽，正确使用装货工具，避免对货物及地板造成损坏。用叉式装卸车装卸将受到叉式装卸车的自由提升高度、门架高度等条件的限制。在条件许可的情况下，可一次装两层，但上面应留有20MM左右间隙、下面应留有100MM左右间隙。

3. When loading manually, try to avoid dragging, use the loading tools correctly, and avoid damage to the goods and the floor. Loading and unloading with fork truck will be limited by the free lifting height and gantry height of fork truck. If conditions permit, two layers can be installed at a time, but there should be about 20MM clearance above and about 100MM clearance below.

如条件不允许--次装两层，则在箱内装载第二层时，要考虑到叉式装卸车的自由提升高度和装卸车门]架的可能提升高度H，这时H应为第--层货高减自由提升高度，避免损伤箱顶。另外还要注意货物下面如没有垫木，-定要另加垫木，以便货叉能顺利抽出，避免损伤货物及地板。

If conditions do not permit -- two layers at a time, when loading the second layer in the box, the free lifting height of the forklift truck and the possible lifting height of the loading and unloading door frame H should be taken into account. At this time, H should be the height of the second layer of cargo minus the free lifting height to avoid damage to the top of the box. In addition, pay attention to the fact that if there is no skid under the goods, it is necessary to add another skid so that the fork can be pulled out smoothly to avoid damaging the goods and the floor.

4.液体货和污染性货物尽量装在其它货物下面。会从包装中渗漏出灰尘、液体、潮气、异味等货物尽量不要与其它货物装在一起，如不得不混装时，就要用帆布、塑料薄膜或其它衬垫材料完全隔开，地板也要用衬垫材料铺好，避免对地板造成无法清洗的损坏，更换地板费用会达几百美金，带来不必要的损失。

4. Liquid goods and polluting goods shall be loaded under other goods as far as possible. Goods that may leak dust, liquid, moisture, odor and other goods from the package should not be packed with other goods as far as possible. If they have to be mixed, they should be completely separated with canvas, plastic film or other liner materials. The floor should also be paved with liner materials to avoid damage to the floor that cannot be cleaned. The cost of replacing the floor will reach hundreds of dollars, bringing unnecessary losses.

5.装载完毕需进行合理的绑扎，以免运输中摇晃对货物及箱体造成损坏。

5. Reasonable binding shall be carried out after loading to avoid damage to the goods and the box due to shaking during transportation.

6.冷藏箱严格讲是保温箱，冷冻货本身的温度情况很重要，因此冷藏货物亦应适当预冷，以免装箱后因结霜等原因影响冷藏效果。在装箱时应停止冷冻机运转，以免凝水过多，影响蒸发器工作。要根据货物的性质与包装形状来选择正确的装载方法。装货时必须注意货物不能堵住通风管，箱顶部分一定要留出空隙，使空气能有效流通，不能超过警戒线。严格禁止已降低鲜度或已变质发臭的货物装进箱内，否则会很快损坏其它货物。

6. The refrigerated box is strictly a heat preservation box, and the temperature of the frozen goods is very important. Therefore, the refrigerated goods should also be properly precooled to avoid affecting the refrigeration effect due to frost and other reasons after packing. When packing, the refrigerator should be stopped to prevent too much condensate from affecting the evaporator. The correct loading method should be selected according to the nature of the goods and the packaging shape. When loading, it must be noted that the goods can not block the ventilation pipe, and the top part of the box must be left with a gap to enable the air to circulate effectively and not exceed the warning line. It is strictly forbidden to put the goods that have decreased the freshness or have deteriorated and smelled into the box, otherwise other goods will be damaged soon.

7.集卡必须备有220/380伏发电机，提箱时注意箱体状况，并进行送电操作，确保符合要求的好箱出场。货物装箱后必须保证冷箱持续通电，以保证箱温符合设定温度。如箱体或制冷机器出现问题及时与提箱堆场或当地箱管代理联系。

7. The truck must be equipped with a 220/380V generator. Pay attention to the condition of the box when picking up the box, and carry out the power transmission operation to ensure that the qualified box is delivered. After the goods are packed, the cold box must be continuously energized to ensure that the temperature of the box meets the set temperature. If there is any problem with the box or refrigeration machine, contact the container yard or local container management agent in time.

8.对于易损坏、易污染箱体的特殊货物，如卷钢、大理石、废金属、原木、煤炭、矿石(矿砂)、糖、淀粉等，各口岸公司应遵守公司相关规定。

8. For special goods that are easy to damage and pollute the box, such as coil steel, marble, scrap metal, log, coal, ore (ore), sugar, starch, etc., the port companies shall comply with the relevant provisions of the company.

总之从成本控制的角度来分析,如何正确使用集装箱以尽可能的降低残损程度及尽快安排维修使集装箱尽早投入使用是关键。您还有什么问题就来我们网站 //www.arapidia.com咨询吧！

In a word, from the perspective of cost control, how to use containers correctly to reduce the degree of damage as much as possible and arrange maintenance as soon as possible so that containers can be put into use as soon as possible is the key. If you have any questions, please come to our website //www.arapidia.com Ask!